![]() ![]() “A better way of arranging the text might be to print the various versions in parallel columns if it were not for the great length of the manuscript,” Clapper wrote in 1967 (4). It also recasts that scholarship in a more accessible form. Walden: A Fluid-Text Edition makes Clapper’s scholarship available, for the first time, to anyone with an internet connection and a web browser. Milder’s disconstruction follows two earlier efforts to provide a comprehensive view of Walden‘s evolution: Robert Sattelmeyer’s essay “The Remaking of Walden,” which uses Clapper’s genetic text to argue that across seven drafts Thoreau “became increasingly concerned with his own awakening and less obsessed with waking up his neighbors” (68) and a book-length study by Stephen Adams and Donald Ross, Jr., Revising Mythologies: The Composition of Thoreau’s Major Works, which relies heavily on Clapper’s dissertation to propose that Walden “changed radically over the seven years of its development,” with the second half of the narrative growing “from an appendix to ‘Economy’ into a quest for unity in the world” (177). the narrated story of discovery and renewal that Thoreau bids us attend to (and nearly all of his commentators have attended to) and the enacted story of the writer’s efforts to adapt himself to the world that shows itself in his changing commitments of theme and authorial stance and in shifting centers of textual gravity” (54). Robert Milder draws on it extensively in his Reimagining Thoreau to “disconstruct” Walden and find in it “two stories. ![]() Daniel Peck, are among those who do not (Harding, 50 Moldenhauer, 287-88 Richardson, 429-30 Buell, 472 Rossi, 97 Boudreau, 104 Tauber, 232 Peck, 182). Richardson, Laurence Buell, William Rossi, Gordon V. “No serious student of Walden can afford to ignore it,” writes Thoreau biographer Walter Harding, and Joseph J. Teachers, students, and general readers have lacked easy access to the evidence they need to judge, engage with, and build on scholars’ use of it. That it has served a significant minority of scholars as an invaluable aid to understanding Thoreau’s most famous text only underscores the misfortune of its relative invisibility. In the most literal sense, it has not been that which the public - or, for that matter, the majority of scholars - read. His dissertation, “The Development of Walden: A Genetic Text” (1967), was an attempt to offer readers something like a “true” Walden.īut Clapper’s dissertation never found its way into print. candidate at the University of California Los Angeles, set out to provide a complete account of Thoreau’s revisions to the manuscript across these drafts. ![]() Since the 1950s, scholars have recognized that the manuscript of Walden left behind by Thoreau, held at the Huntington Library in San Marino, California, contains no fewer than seven draft versions. In that case, one would say that the “true” work, insofar as that adjective makes sense at all, must comprise the full record of this mutual influence, for such glimpses of personal evolution as the record affords will inevitably affect how we understand the published words that resulted from it. But some writers do leave behind manuscripts, and often a manuscript bears evidence of the feedback loop through which writer and text influenced one another’s growth. Granted, nothing that the writer writes can adequately represent a life revised moment to moment by, among other things, the act of writing, and thus no writer may leave behind a verbal text of the “true poem,” the life itself. It has been known for many years that Thoreau’s Walden is “not that which the public read.” This is so for reasons far more mundane than - though just as important as - the Heisenberg-like proposition about literature offered in A Week. “Are we not revising ourselves, always, to find the flow of ourselves, and then too the mixing and revisions of our culture?” (Henry David Thoreau, A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers, 343) My life has been the poem I would have writ, ![]()
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![]() ![]() Yes, OpenAI has released versions of ChatGPT in multiple languages, including English, Spanish, German, French, Italian, and others. ChatGPT available in different languages?. ![]() It is recommended to use the model with caution and to implement appropriate filtering and moderation strategies to ensure the quality of its outputs. It's important to note that ChatGPT is not a fully-fledged AI system and can sometimes generate biased or offensive responses, especially if it has been trained on biased data. However, as with any AI-powered language model, the accuracy of its responses is limited by the quality and diversity of the data it was trained on, and it may sometimes generate responses that are incorrect or nonsensical. The accuracy of ChatGPT, and other GPT-3 based models, varies depending on the specific task and the quality of the input data.įor conversational AI applications, ChatGPT can generate human-like responses that are often hard to distinguish from responses written by a human. For more information on pricing, you can visit the OpenAI website. Additionally, some third-party websites that have integrated the API may also charge a fee for their services. The cost can vary depending on factors such as the volume of requests and the level of customization required. But OpenAI provides access to the ChatGPT API through a subscription model, where users pay for the amount of usage. The GPT-3 architecture consists of multiple transformer blocks, each containing self-attention mechanisms and feedforward neural networks, which allow the model to understand and generate text by learning patterns in the training data.ĬhatGPT is currently free for users. The entire process is performed by the model in real-time. ![]() The response is then generated by sampling from the top predictions. ![]() When a user provides input, the model processes the text and generates a response by predicting the most likely next word based on the input and its training data. The model has been trained on a diverse range of internet text, allowing it to generate human-like text in response to prompts given to it. It's also important to implement appropriate filtering and moderation strategies to ensure that the output is appropriate and free from bias.ĬhatGPT is a conversational AI model developed by OpenAI based on the Generative Pretrained Transformer 3 (GPT-3) architecture. However, it's important to note that the quality of the output generated by ChatGPT can be limited by the quality and diversity of the data it was trained on. Wide range of applications: ChatGPT can be used for a wide range of applications, including chatbots, customer service, language translation, content creation, and more.High-quality outputs: The model generates text that is often hard to distinguish from text written by a human, due to its advanced training and sophisticated architecture.Real-time processing: ChatGPT can process and generate responses in real-time, making it suitable for conversational AI applications.Advanced architecture: The model is based on the GPT-3 architecture, which uses transformer blocks and self-attention mechanisms, enabling the model to understand and generate text more effectively.Large training corpus: ChatGPT was trained on a massive corpus of text, which allows it to generate more diverse and sophisticated responses compared to other language models.Overall, ChatGPT represents a significant advancement in the field of NLP and has the potential to revolutionize the way we interact with computers and digital systems.ĬhatGPT is considered to be good for several reasons: However, it can also be used in other NLP applications such as text summarization, language translation, and content creation. One of the main applications of ChatGPT is in chatbots, where it can be used to provide automated customer service, answer FAQs, or even engage in more free-flowing conversations with users. It has been trained on a massive corpus of text data and can therefore generate responses to a wide variety of prompts, from general knowledge questions to more complex conversational topics. It is part of the broader field of artificial intelligence known as natural language processing (NLP), which seeks to teach computers to understand and interpret human language.ĬhatGPT is built using a deep learning architecture called the Transformer, which enables it to learn patterns in language and generate text that is coherent and human-like. ChatGPT is a language model developed by OpenAI, designed to respond to text-based queries and generate natural language responses. ![]() ![]() Safe Auto wasn’t included in the study but does make it easy for people to purchase a policy through them. Power 2018 Shopping Study tells readers more about the purchasing process of different companies. This covers things that aren’t considered part of the claims process, such as how easy it is to purchase a policy, customer service, and the number of consumer complaints that have been filed against the company. Overall customer satisfaction is also an important part of any Safe Auto insurance review. Safe Auto provides policyholders with a direct number to its claims department, which is open 24 hours per day, seven days per week.Īs soon as you report a loss, the claims process begins, and as soon as your claims adjuster verifies your policy coverage and determines fault, the company settles your claim so your car can be fixed quickly. Power Claims Satisfaction Study, the company keeps its claims process as transparent as possible, making it easy for customers who need to file a claim. While Safe Auto wasn’t included in the J.D. Power 2017 Auto Claims Satisfaction Study breaks the claims process down even further, giving you a detailed look into how well each company on the list handles their claims. We believe that claims satisfaction can be summed up under three key performance indicators: timeliness, communication, and ease of service interaction. Since your contact with your insurance provider is usually limited to policy changes, such as adding a driver or car, the claims process represents the single most important and stressful insurer/consumer interaction point. This tells you how Safe Auto customers feel about the way the company handles claims. One of the more important categories you should study in a Safe Auto insurance review is Claims Satisfaction. Rental Car Coverage: This optional coverage pays your rental car expenses while your car is in the shop due to a covered incident. If you have a flat tire, your battery dies, or you run out of gas, this option pays for your roadside services. Roadside Assistance and Towing: Adding roadside assistance and towing to your policy makes sure you never get stuck mid-journey. These options pay for damage to your vehicle if you are involved in an at-fault accident or if your car was damaged due to acts of vandalism or a natural disaster. This is what most states require you to carry by law.Ĭollision and Comprehensive Coverage: If you’re financing your vehicle, the bank may require you to carry comprehensive and collision coverage. Liability Coverage: Liability is the part of your policy that protects you from a personal injury or property damage claim if you’re involved in an at-fault accident. You can obtain a quote for auto insurance online or over the phone, and the company has a wide range of coverage options for you to consider including: With Safe Auto, creating a policy is pretty simple. However, before you call 1-800-SAFE-AUTO to purchase a policy, you should use this Safe Auto insurance review to learn more about the company and the level of service it provides. ![]() The company prides itself on its ability to keep things simple, while providing low rates to customers. Founded in 1993, Safe Auto offers property and casualty insurance in 16 states. ![]() ![]() CodeRunner checks the document for syntax errors and common issues, displaying errors directly inline with the code. The app's built-in debugging features allow users to set breakpoints and step through their code, explore the call stack, view and edit variables, and interact with the debugger. Its code completion feature supports completions beyond single words, extra-fuzzy search, documentation snippets, tab-selectable placeholders, and smart ranking of results. CodeRunner can run code in 25 languages out-of-the-box and can easily be extended to support other languages. It offers essential IDE features such as code completion, integrated debugger, live errors, and documentation sidebar. Windows Sysinternals Primer: Process Explorer, Process Monitor and More Process Explorer gets a lot of attention in the first Sysinternals Primer delivered by Aaron Margosis and Tim Reckmeyer at TechEd 2010.What is CodeRunner 4? CodeRunner is a lightweight and easy-to-use app designed exclusively for macOS that allows users to write, run, and debug code quickly in any programming language. ![]() In this episode of Defrag Tools, Andrew Richards and Larry Larsen show how to use Process Explorer to view the details of processes, both at a point in time and historically. PsKill - local/remote command-line process killer.PsList - local/remote command-line process lister.In this video, Mark describes how he has solved seemingly unsolvable system and application problems on Windows. Here are some other handle and DLL viewing tools and information See SymSrv documentation or more information on how to use symbol servers. When you configure the path to DBGHELP.DLL and the symbol path uses the symbol server, the location of DBGHELP.DLL also has to contain the SYMSRV.DLL supporting the server paths used. If you have problems or questions, visit the Process Explorer section on Microsoft Q&A. The help file describes Process Explorer operation and usage. Simply run Process Explorer (procexp.exe). Server: Windows Server 2012 and higher.Windows Sysinternals Administrator's Reference The official guide to the Sysinternals utilities by Mark Russinovich and Aaron Margosis, including descriptions of all the tools, their features, how to use them for troubleshooting, and example real-world cases of their use.ĭownload Process Explorer (3.3 MB) Run now from Sysinternals Live.The official updates and errata page for the definitive book on Windows internals, by Mark Russinovich and David Solomon. Into the way Windows and applications work. Tracking down DLL-version problems or handle leaks, and provide insight The unique capabilities of Process Explorer make it useful for Quickly show you which processes have particular handles opened or DLLs Process Explorer also has a powerful search capability that will See the DLLs and memory-mapped files that the process has loaded. The top window has opened if Process Explorer is in DLL mode you'll It is in handle mode you'll see the handles that the process selected in The bottom window depends on the mode that Process Explorer is in: if The names of their owning accounts, whereas the information displayed in ![]() ![]() Window always shows a list of the currently active processes, including The Process Explorer display consists of two sub-windows. Handles and DLLs processes have opened or loaded. Process Explorer shows you information about which Ever wondered which program has a particular file or directory open? Now ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() Psychological or neuropsychological testing includes selection, administration and scoring of the tests, directly by the psychologist, neuropsychologist, physician or other qualified health care professional, by a technician under the clinician's direct supervision, by computerized test administration, or via some combination of these three approaches. References to providers throughout this policy include non-physicians, such as clinical psychologists, independent psychologist, nurse practitioners, clinical nurse specialists and physician assistants when the services performed are within the scope of their clinical practice/education, licensed and authorized under the state law.Ī minimum of 31 minutes must be provided to report any per hour code. The testing of cognitive processes, visual motor responses and abstractive abilities is accomplished by the combination of several types of testing procedures. The CPT Codes discussed in this Billing and Coding Article are used to report the services provided during testing of the cognitive function of the central nervous system. Diagnostic procedures that have no impact on a patient’s plan of care or have no effect on treatment are not medically necessary. Psychological and Neuropsychological Testing are diagnostic procedures that must be used as an important tool in making specific diagnoses or prognoses to aid in treatment planning and to address questions regarding treatment goals, efficacy, and patient disposition. The billing and coding information in this article is dependent on the coverage indications, limitations and/or medical necessity described in the associated LCD 元4646 Psychological and Neuropsychological Testing. §150 Clinical Social Worker (CSW) Services §120.1 Limitations for Assistant-at-Surgery Services Furnished by Nurse Practitioners and Clinical Nurse Specialist §120 Nurse Practitioner (NP) and Clinical Nurse Specialist (CNS) Services Payment Methodology §210 Clinical Nurse Specialist (CNS) ServicesĬMS Publication 100-03: Medicare National Coverage Determinations (NCD)Manual, Chapter 1- Coverage Determination, Part 1, Sections 10-80:ĬMS Publication 100-04: Medicare Claims Processing Manual, Chapter 12 - Physicians/Nonphysician Practitioners: §170 Clinical Social Worker (CSW) Services §80.2 Psychological and Neuropsychological Tests MLN Matters Number SE0441 “Incident to” Services.ĬMS Publication 100-02: Medicare Benefit Policy Manual, Chapter 15 - Covered Medical and Other Health Services: Social Security Act 1862(a)(7) does not extend coverage to screening procedures.Ĥ10.76 Clinical nurse specialists’ services Social Security Act 1861(s) Medical And Other Health Services Not endorsed by the AHA or any of its affiliates. Presented in the material do not necessarily represent the views of the AHA. Preparation of this material, or the analysis of information provided in the material. The American Hospital Association (the "AHA") has not reviewed, and is not responsible for, the completeness orĪccuracy of any information contained in this material, nor was the AHA or any of its affiliates, involved in the Resale and/or to be used in any product or publication creating any modified or derivative work of the UB‐04 Manual and/or codes and descriptions Īnd/or making any commercial use of UB‐04 Manual or any portion thereof, including the codes and/or descriptions, is onlyĪuthorized with an express license from the American Hospital Association. Making copies or utilizing the content of the UB‐04 Manual, including the codes and/or descriptions, for internal purposes, If an entity wishes to utilize any AHA materials, please contact the AHA at 312‐893‐6816. AHA copyrighted materials including the UB‐04 codes andĭescriptions may not be removed, copied, or utilized within any software, product, service, solution or derivative work No portion of the American Hospital Association (AHA) copyrighted materials contained within this publication may beĬopied without the express written consent of the AHA. All rights reserved.Ĭopyright © 2023, the American Hospital Association, Chicago, Illinois. The AMA assumes no liability for data contained or not contained herein.Ĭurrent Dental Terminology © 2022 American Dental Association. The AMA does not directly or indirectly practice medicine or dispense medical services. ![]() Applicable FARS/HHSARS apply.įee schedules, relative value units, conversion factors and/or related components are not assigned by the AMA, are not part of CPT, and the AMA is not Wisconsin Physicians Service Insurance CorporationĪMA CPT / ADA CDT / AHA NUBC Copyright StatementĬPT codes, descriptions and other data only are copyright 2022 American Medical Association. ![]() ![]() The interface panes can be dragged and dropped just about anywhere. Notes: Add and edit widget and page notes.Ĭustomizing the Environment Customizing the Panes Interactions: Add and edit interactions and other interactive properties on the page or selected widget. You can also load folders of images from a local drive.Ĭomponents: Add, remove, rename and organize components, which are centrally managed sets of widgets that you can reuse throughout your file. Via the Libraries pane you can switch between libraries of widgets, load additional libraries, and create your own custom libraries. Drag the widgets from the Libraries pane and drop them onto the canvas. Libraries: Resource for widgets such as buttons, images, text and shapes. Outline: View a searchable, sortable, and filterable list of all widgets, components, and dynamic panels on the current diagram. Pages: Add, remove, rename, and organize the pages in your file. ![]() You can change its color and dimensions, add a grid and guides, and toggle the visibility of the rulers. Change the cursor tool between selection modes, connector mode, and drawing tools.Ĭanvas: Lay out widgets on this drag-and-drop environment. ![]() ![]() Main Toolbar and Style Toolbar: Perform common actions like arranging widgets, styling widgets, and publishing. You can toggle the interface's panes and toolbars in the View menu. Surrounding the canvas are toolbars and instrument panes that allow you to customize the look and behavior of your diagrams and to share them with others. At the center of the Axure RP interface is the canvas, where you create your diagrams by arranging widgets. ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() Drivers are cautioned not to wait for system alerts before braking or taking evasive action, as that may not afford sufficient time and distance. It is the driver's responsibility at all times to be attentive to traffic and road conditions, and to provide the steering, braking and other driving inputs necessary to retain control of the vehicle. Even the most advanced safety systems may not be sufficient to avoid an accident. See Operator's Manual for additional information. Requires an active Mercedes me connect account, available at no charge. Not all phone operating systems are supported, and software updates may be required. ![]() The Mercedes me connect Mobile App is compatible with Apple iPhone® and Android-based phones. See your Operator's Manual for more information. System may not be activated in certain situations, and cannot guarantee the security of the vehicle or its contents, nor prevent theft, vandalism or accidents. Winter tires mounted on appropriately sized and approved wheels are recommended for driving in those conditions.īenefits require an active subscription to Mercedes me connect. These tires are not designed for use on snow and ice. Serious wheel and tire damage may occur if the vehicle is operated on rough or damaged road surfaces or upon encountering road debris or obstacles. Lower-aspect-ratio tires and accompanying wheels may provide substantially increased treadwear, increased tire noise and reduced ride comfort. TIDAL is a registered trademark of Tidal Music AS.īurmester is a registered trademark of Burmester Audiosysteme GmbH, Berlin, Germany. Spotify is a registered trademark of Spotify AB. See your dealer or /en/mercedes-me-connect for details.Īmazon Music is a registered trademark of Amazon Technologies, Inc.Īpple Music is a registered trademark of Apple Inc. Third-party streaming services may require a subscription. Streaming is available via your connected phone's own data plan, or by activating the In-car WiFi. Actual vehicle price and availability must be confirmed with Dealer. Additional products added to your deal will affect the final price. Total Price includes estimated taxes and fees if ZIP code is provided but is subject to change and may vary based on locations of Dealer and customer, inventory levels, vehicle features and discounts and rebates, if any. Driving range may vary based on model, terrain, temperature, driving style, optional equipment, use of vehicle features, and other factors.Īs a concept car, the designs, features, etc. See dealer for details.ĮPA estimated driving range with a fully charged battery. In some states, aftermarket trailer brakes are required. Your actual highway mileage will probably be less than the highway estimate. You may get different mileage depending on how fast you drive, weather conditions and trip length. Compare the estimated mpg to the estimated mpg of other vehicles. Stated rates of acceleration are based upon manufacturer's track results and may vary depending on model, environmental and road surface conditions, driving style, elevation and vehicle load.ĮPA estimated fuel economy. Actual vehicle price and availability may vary by Dealer and should be confirmed with the dealer selected by customer. MSRP for a base model prior to customer build also excludes charges for optional equipment, products, packages, and accessories. MSRP excludes transportation and handling charges, destination charges, taxes, title, registration, license, tag, preparation and documentary service fees, insurance charges, and Dealer add-on products, accessories and associated labor and installation charges. Starting price is MSRP, or Manufacturer’s Suggested Retail Price. ![]() ![]() ![]() For the 1943/1944 winter campaign, Stalin ordered the Soviet forces to conduct major attacks along the whole of the Eastern Front, in a continuation of the 'broad-front' strategy he had pursued since the beginning of the war. On the third day of the offensive, the Soviets broke through the German line and pushed to the west, and Heeresgruppe 'Nord' ordered the evacuation of the civilian population of Narva.īy 1944, it had become routine practice for the Stavka to assign new and more ambitious missions to its operating fronts even as they were undertaking major offensive operations: the rationale was that relentless pressure might trigger a German collapse. On 14 January 1944, the Leningrad Front had launched the 'Krasnoye Selo-Ropsha Offensive Operation' intended to force Generaloberst Georg Lindemann’s (from 29 March General Herbert Loch’s and from 5 September General Ehrenfried-Oskar Boege’s) 18 th Army back from its positions near Oranienbaum. There were no other east/west transport routes in the region capable of sustaining major troop movements. The primary lines of communication, which were the road and railway linking Narva and Tallinn, ran on an east/west axis close to and parallel with the southern coast of the Gulf of Finland. This strip of land, 28 miles (45 km) wide, was bisected by the Narva river and included large wilderness areas. The effect of the terrain on operations was therefore one of 'channelisation': because of the swamps and forests, only certain areas were suitable for large-scale troop movement.Īt the strategic level, there was a natural chokepoint between the northern shore of Lake Peipus and the Gulf of Finland. Most of the region’s land area is forested, and large swamps inundate areas of low elevation. The elevation above sea level in the area is rarely more than 330 ft (100 m), and the land is cut by numerous waterways, including the Narva river and the Plyussa river. ![]() The nature of the terrain played a significant role in the operations round Narva. As a result of the Germans' excellent defence, the Soviet war effort in the Baltic Sea region was hampered for 7.5 months. In the resulting 'Battle of the Tannenberg-Linie', the Armeeabteilung 'Narwa' held its ground, and Stalin’s primary strategic objective, namely the rapid recapture of Estonia as a base for air and seaborne attacks against Finland and an invasion of East Prussia, was not achieved. The Soviet 'Narva Offensive Operation' (July 1944) led to the capture of the city after the German forces had pulled back to their prepared defences of the 'Tannenberg-Linie' in the Sinimäed Hills, some 10 miles (16 km) from Narva. German counterattacks destroyed the bridgeheads to the north of Narva and reduced the size of the bridgehead to the south of the town, thereby stabilising the front until July 1944. Soviet formations and units established a number of bridgeheads on the western bank of the Narva river during February, while the Germans maintained a bridgehead on the eastern bank, but subsequent Soviet attempts to expand their toeholds failed. By supporting the German conscription of Estonians, the underground National Committee of the Republic of Estonia hoped to create the basis of a new national army and to restore the country’s independence.Īs a continuation of the 'Leningrad-Novgorod Strategic Offensive Operation' of January 1944, the Soviet offensive toward Estonia drove the northern end of the Eastern Front westward to the Narva river with the object of destroying the Armeegruppe 'Narwa' and thrusting deep into Estonia. A number of foreign volunteers and local Estonian conscripts participated in the battle as part of the German forces of Generaloberst Georg Lindemann’s (from 1 July Generaloberst Johannes Friessner’s and from 25 July Generalfeldmarschall Ferdinand Schörner’s Heeresgruppe 'Nord'. Following Iosif Stalin’s 'broad-front' strategy, these battles coincided with the 'Dniepr River-Carpathian Offensive Operation' (December 1943/April 1944) and the 'Lvov-Sandomierz Offensive Operation' (July/August 1944). ![]() The Soviet 'Kingisepp-Gdov Offensive Operation' and 'Narva Offensive Operation' (15/18 February, 1/4 March and 18/24 March) were part of the Soviet winter and spring campaign of 1944. The battle took place in the northern sector of the Eastern Front and comprised two major phases: the 'Battle of the Narva Bridgehead' (February/July 1944) and the 'Battle of the Tannenberg Line' (July/August 1944). Govorov’s Leningrad Front and General Johannes Friessner’s (from 3 July General Anton Grasser’s Armeegruppe 'Narwa' (from May the Armeeabteilung 'Narwa' and from 25 September the Armeeabteilung 'Grasser') for possession of the strategically important Narva isthmus (2 February/10 August 1944). The 'Battle of Narva' was fought between Soviet and German forces as February to 10 August 1944, in which General (from 18 June Marshal Sovetskogo Soyuza) Leonid A. ![]() ![]() The picture at the start of this post is of the admin team in Westerbork. In my opinion, the only badge that matters is that of a Human Being, and the only rule that should apply is mutual respect for each other. ![]() The one thing that puzzles me today is the eagerness of so many people and groups to put ‘badges’ on themselves. During the war, it was compulsory in all occupied countries. However, in the 1930s the Nazis brought it back to Germany, and in May 1942 in the Netherlands. With the coming of the French Revolution in the 18th century and Jewish emancipation in the 19th century, the “Jewish badge” disappeared in Western Europe. This was not a new idea since medieval times many other societies had forced their Jewish citizens to wear badges to identify themselves. This measure made it easy to identify Jewish people and was designed to stigmatize and dehumanize them. Starting in May 1942, wearing a yellow fabric star in the Netherlands, called the “Star of David,” was made compulsory by the Nazis. I want you all to look into the faces of these two sweet angels and ask yourself, “What can I do to stop this from happening again?” The scary thing is that there have been genocides, albeit on a smaller scale, after the Holocaust where babies once again were victims. These were only two of the 1.5 million children. From there they were deported to Sobibor where they both were killed. She had reached two years of age.īoth babies had been deported to Westerbork on 25 January 1943. Nehemia Levy Cohen was born in Amsterdam on 20 December 1940. She was born in Groningen on 17 March 1942 and murdered in Sobibor on. The picture above is of Roosje van der Hal. The only time you expect revenge is when you know you did something wrong. But, how pure are you as a race when you murder babies? Another reason was that they were afraid that when these babies grew up, they would possibly look for revenge for the death of their families. I know one of the reasons behind it was the purification of the Aryan race. The one thing I can’t get to terms with, and even refuse to get to terms with, is the murder of babies during the Holocaust. She was eight years old when murdered in Auschwitz on 1 February 1943. She was 12 years old when she was murdered in Auschwitz on 1 February 1943.īrigitte Brigithe Chaim was born in Duisburg, Germany on 19 January 1935. She was murdered in Auschwitz on February 1, 1943, at the age of 14.Įlfride Chaim was born in Kaiserslautern, Germany on 17 February 1930. Renate Chaim was born in Kaiserslautern, Germany on February 16, 1928. She was murdered at Auschwitz on 1 February 1943. Julius Chaim was born in Tarnow, Poland on 21 March 1892, and murdered at Auschwitz on 1 February 1943 at 50 years of age.Įsther Chaim-Tannenhaus was born in Bajazesty, Romania on. The majority were murdered in the gas chambers, and only two men survived. The transport consisted of all Jews, including 42 children. ![]() From there they were put on Transport #46 to Auschwitz. The Chaim-Tannenhaus family was arrested and on December 31, 1942, they were deported to Westerbork. Brigitte was the youngest of the daughters and in 1940 she arrived in the Netherlands with her parents. The family originally came from Duisburg. On 9 October 1940, the parents Julius Chaim and Esther Chaim-Tannenhaus and their three daughters settled in Nijmegen, coming from Haarlem. The idea was that the children would be safe in the Netherlands and there was hope that the rest of the family would also be able to settle in the Netherlands. The Netherlands hardly let any Jews in, but children who arrived alone were taken care of by families or placed in children’s homes. The parents and the youngest daughter arrived in the Netherlands in 1940.Įlfride and Renate Chaim were sent to the Netherlands ahead of their parents and younger sibling in 1939, as was often the case in those days. ![]() ![]() To be able to flee Germany, some parents saw no other option other than to send their children to the Netherlands on their own, which may mean, that the parents were given permission at a later date and allowed to enter the Netherlands. At the end of the 1930s, German Jews often did not get permission to emigrate to the Netherlands. In 1939, two daughters had already been sent to the Netherlands and taken care of in children’s homes or with families. He was married to Esther Tannenhaus and was the father of three daughters, Renate, Elfride and Brigitte. Julius Chaim moved to Nijmegen on 15 October 1940, from Amsterdam. As it was for this post, but then he thought using just the raw data as the title is probably the best tribute for this family. Sometimes I struggle with finding a suitable title for a post. Julius, Esther, Renate and Brigitte Chaim ![]() ![]() The iOS app was released later in June 2012. Google Drive was introduced on April 24, 2012, with apps available for Windows, macOS, and Android, as well as a website interface. Python (back-end), Objective-C (Mac Client), wxPython (Windows Client) In contrast, other members of the media noted that the agreements were no worse than those of competing cloud storage services, but that the competition uses "more artful language" in the agreements, and also stated that Google needs the rights in order to "move files around on its servers, cache your data, or make image thumbnails".Īs of July 2018, Google Drive had over one billion active users, and as of September 2015, it had over one million organizational paying users. While the policies also confirm that users retain intellectual property rights, privacy advocates raised concerns that the licenses grant Google the right to use the information and data to customize the advertising and other services Google provides. Google has one set of Terms of Service and Privacy Policy agreements that cover all of its services, meaning that the language in the agreements grants the company broad rights to reproduce, use, and create derivative works from content stored on Google Drive. ![]() As part of select Google Workspace plans, Drive offers unlimited storage, advanced file audit reporting, enhanced administration controls, and greater collaboration tools for teams.įollowing the launch of the service, Google Drive's privacy policy was heavily criticized by some members of the media. Google Drive is a key component of Google Workspace, Google's monthly subscription offering for businesses and organizations that operated as G Suite until October 2020. A Quick Access feature can intelligently predict the files users need. The website and Android app offer a Backups section to see what Android devices have data backed up to the service, and a completely overhauled computer app released in July 2017 allows for backing up specific folders on the user's computer. On the website, users can search for an image by describing its visuals, and use natural language to find specific files, such as "find my budget spreadsheet from last December". Users can change privacy settings for individual files and folders, including enabling sharing with other users or making content public. ![]() Files uploaded can be up to 750 GB in size. Google Drive also offers 100 GB, 200 GB, and 2 TB through optional Google One paid plans. Google Drive offers users 15 GB of free storage, sharing it with Gmail and Google Photos. Files created and edited through the Google Docs suite are saved in Google Drive. Google Drive encompasses Google Docs, Google Sheets, and Google Slides, which are a part of the Google Docs Editors office suite that permits collaborative editing of documents, spreadsheets, presentations, drawings, forms, and more. In addition to a web interface, Google Drive offers apps with offline capabilities for Windows and macOS computers, and Android and iOS smartphones and tablets. Launched on April 24, 2012, Google Drive allows users to store files in the cloud (on Google's servers), synchronize files across devices, and share files. ![]() Google Drive is a file storage and synchronization service developed by Google. ![]() |
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